![]() ![]() This law lies behind the design of rocket propulsion, in which matter forced out of a burner at high speeds creates an equal force driving the rocket forward. Every object in a state of uniform motion tends to remain in that state of motion unless an external force is applied to it. Thus, if one body exerts a force F on a second body, the first body also undergoes a force of the same strength but in the opposite direction. ♦ Newton's third law states that for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Expressed mathematically, F = ma, where F is the force in Newtons, m is the mass of the body in kilograms, and a is the acceleration in meters per second per second. A brief but concise biography of Sir Issac Newton is provided along with illustrated guides to his three laws of motion. Although the principle of inertia is the starting point and the fundamental assumption of classical mechanics, it is less than intuitively obvious to the untrained eye. An object at rest will stay at rest, and an object in motion will stay in motion unless they are acted on by a net force. ♦ Newton's second law states that a force acting on a body is equal to the acceleration of that body times its mass. This law is also the first of Isaac Newton’s three laws of motion. This law is also called the law of inertia. ♦ Newton's first law states that a body at rest will remain at rest, and a body in motion will remain in motion with a constant velocity, unless acted upon by a force. Sir Isaac Newton (16421727) summarized how things move with three simple laws. Picture from an 18th-century engraving by William Thomas Fry courtesy of US Library of Congress. A stationary object remains at rest until you apply a force to it. Photo: Isaac Newtonthe man who put science in motion. The key point here is that if there is no net force acting on an object (if all the external forces cancel each. Newtons First Law Describes How an Object Moves When No Force Is Acting on It. This is normally taken as the definition of inertia. These laws form the basis of classical mechanics and were elemental in solidifying the concepts of force, mass, and inertia. Newtons first law states that every object will remain at rest or in uniform motion in a straight line unless compelled to change its state by the action of an external force. ![]() The three laws proposed by Sir Isaac Newton concerning relations between force, motion, acceleration, mass, and inertia.
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